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Silk Roads for the 21st Century: Engineering Mega-Infrastructure for Development and Sustainability

Tony Marjoram

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2016年第3卷第3期页码 187-196 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2016038

摘要： Infrastructure facilitates the movement of people, the production and distribution of goods and services, and underpins development. Infrastructure is expensive and long-lasting, and needs long-term policy, planning and management, in terms of design, construction, operation and maintenance. Infrastructure relates particularly to engineering and technology. All technological change brings economic, social, cultural and environmental change, planned and unpredicted. Mega levels of technology bring mega levels of change, effects and impacts. Mega infrastructure such as the Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, the “One Belt, One Road” (OBOR) initiative, announced by President Xi Jinping in 2013, will require equally mega policy, planning and management. This paper will discuss policy, planning and management issues relating to mega infrastructure and the OBOR initiative, with particular reference to energy, communications, transportation, health, emergency preparedness and response, and less predictable areas of change, for example in disease prevention and control, within the overall need for economic, environmental and ecological sustainability. The paper will discuss associated needs for education, training and capacity building in engineering. The paper will also refer to lessons learnt from the original Silk Road in the context of the development of civilizations and intercultural dialogue through the transfer of goods, services, technologies, ideas, knowledge, customs, cultures and philosophies, less predictable and unwanted transfers, for example of disease, and the need for awareness, policy, planning and management of such wider issues.

关键词： infrastructure growth development sustainability change new Silk Roads

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新材料产业质量技术基础发展战略研究

陈鸣, 王矛, 杨植岗, 李梦琪, 唐宇航, 王洋, 王蓬

《中国工程科学》 2020年第22卷第5期页码 137-143 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2020.05.017

摘要：

以评价、表征、标准为基础要素的质量技术基础，对于支撑产业转型升级、促进产业技术创新、提高产业生产效率、保障产品质量水平、提高产业国际竞争力都具有重要作用。我国新材料产业创新步伐提速、生产规模扩大、产品种类增加，对产业质量技术基础提出了新的发展要求。本文立足这一宏观背景，分析了评价、表征、标准对于新材料产业发展的重要性，梳理了我国新材料产业质量技术基础的发展现状。研究发现，现阶段我国新材料产业质量技术基础的建设取得了以支撑产业发展、技术创新和国际化为代表的诸多成效，但在整体水平、关键核心技术、匹配产业需求等方面还存在问题。为此论证了我国新材料产业评价、表征、标准平台建设方案，对应提出加强质量技术基础顶层设计，推行“评价 – 表征 – 标准”一站式服务，发展自主认证、检测、标准品牌，鼓励行政机构采信评价结果的发展建议。

关键词：新材料产业质量技术基础评价表征标准

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Digital technology-driven smart society governance mechanism and practice exploration

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2023年第10卷第2期页码 319-338 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0200-x

摘要： A smart society is an advanced form of society following agricultural society, industrial society, and information society, with digital data processing system as its main carrier. However, the governance of a smart society still faces many challenges. In view of this problem, first, this research constructs a smart society governance modernization strategy. Second, the innovation mode of a society governance mechanism driven by digital technology is proposed, including the precise intellectual control of a digital twin, the intelligent ubiquitous sensing of the Internet of Things, the empowerment remodeling of a blockchain and the livelihood service of artificial intelligence. Third, this study systematically explores the practice of smart society governance modernization from the aspects of basic information platform construction, evaluation system construction, application demonstration of epidemic prevention and control driven by big data, support of spatial intelligence and artificial intelligence technology for people’s livelihood, smart campus, public resources, and data governance application demonstration to provide theoretical guidance for promoting digital technology innovation in the process of the governance of a smart society.

关键词： digital technology new infrastructure smart society governance system governance modernization

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构建城市“互联网+”新型基础设施发展战略研究

范灵俊,杨菲,郑卫城,洪学海,范东睿

《中国工程科学》 2020年第22卷第4期页码 106-113 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2020.04.005

摘要：

构建城市“互联网 +”新型基础设施是我国深入推进“互联网 +”行动计划发展的关键领域。本文在分析需求、发展现状及面临问题的基础上，提出构建城市“互联网 +”新型基础设施需应对海量数据的有效汇聚、融合和应用，确保网络服务高并发、低延迟、高安全可靠的实时处理和响应。研究论证了构建城市“互联网 +”新型基础设施的典型建设路径，即通过建设数据中台解决城市数据的高效融合和有效利用问题，通过城市“信息高铁站”提供高通量和高品质的服务，剖析了二者作为城市“互联网 +”新阶段核心基础设施的概念支撑与技术要点。为推进我国“互联网 +”的纵深发展，本文从前瞻规划、因城施策以及建设灵活运营模式等方面给出了建设城市“互联网 +”新型基础设施的对策建议。

关键词：互联网+，新型基础设施，数据中台，信息高铁，高通量计算

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Sustainable Program Quality Management of International Infrastructure Construction

Steve Hsueh-Ming Wang

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2016年第3卷第3期页码 239-245 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2016047

摘要： Management of the program quality for international infrastructure construction projects is complicated. Sustainability of these programs is the key for them to succeed in their lifecycles. This paper investigated current program quality management and compared it with the results of recent surveys of KGMP. A method for the sustainable program quality management of the international infrastructure construction management is proposed and demonstrated by research projects. The cycle of accountability, predictability, balance ability, and policy was proposed. The findings from the KGMP’s survey and this research show that the trend of the sustainable program quality management of the international infrastructure construction is transferring from agility to alacrity in the balancing of the metrics among economy, ecology, culture, and politics.

关键词： sustainability program infrastructure

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Potential advantages in combining smart and green infrastructure over silo approaches for future cities

Yamuna KALUARACHCHI

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第1期页码 98-108 doi: 10.1007/s42524-020-0136-y

摘要： Cities are incorporating smart and green infrastructure components in their urban design policies, adapting existing and new infrastructure systems to integrate technological advances to mitigate extreme weather due to climate change. Research has illustrated that smart green infrastructure (SGI) provides not only climate change resilience but also many health and wellbeing benefits that improve the quality of life of citizens. With the growing demand for smart technology, a series of problems and challenges, including governance, privacy, and security, must be addressed. This paper explores the potential to transition from grey, green, or smart silos to work with nature-based solutions and smart technology to help change cities to achieve considerable environmental and socio-economic benefits. The concepts of grey, green, and smart infrastructure are presented, and the needs, benefits, and applications are investigated. Moreover, the advantages of using integrated smart, green nature-based solutions are discussed. A comprehensive literature review is undertaken with keyword searches, including journal papers, stakeholder and case study reports, and local authority action plans. The methodology adopts multimethod qualitative information review, including literature, case studies, expert interviews, and documentary analysis. Published data and information are analysed to capture the key concepts in implementing SGI systems, such as storm-water control, flood and coastal defense, urban waste management, transportation, recreation, and asset management. The paper investigates the elimination of silo approaches and the alleviation of the destructions caused by extreme weather events using these interdependent SGI systems supported by novel data-driven platforms to provide nature-based solutions to boost the health and wellbeing of the residents.

关键词： grey infrastructure green infrastructure smart infrastructure smart and green combined infrastructure smart cities future cities

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铁路与新能源融合发展现状及展望

胡田飞,刘济华,李天峰,岳祖润,张翊敏

《中国工程科学》 2023年第25卷第2期页码 122-132 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.02.013

摘要：

铁路资产能源化、用能绿色化是助力实现交通领域“碳达峰、碳中和”目标的重要途径。本文在分析铁路与新能源融合发展需求的基础上，梳理了铁路沿线太阳能、风能、地热能、声能、制动能、振动能等各类新能源的自然禀赋条件，总结了当前铁路与新能源融合形式、技术特征、设备水平的发展现状；分类汇总了铁路服务设施、运载体、基础设施与新能源融合的具体场景，讨论了车站站顶光伏、新能源机车、基础设施自供电监测设备等主力场景的发展规模及面临的问题。按照铁路新能源供给潜力分级，从微型、小中型、大型、超大型等不同规模新能源系统的角度，构建了铁路与新能源融合的系列场景及方式，重点讨论了铁路沿线基础设施病害防控电气化设备与小型、中型分布式离网光伏系统融合这一新型主力场景。进一步从能量捕获与转化、负载、储能、能源管理等技术方面，提出了铁路与新能源融合的未来趋势、关键技术、重点方向，以期为相关领域的规划建设、转型发展研究提供参考。

关键词：铁路；新能源；服务设施；运载体；基础设施；电气化；融合场景

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Fire hazard in transportation infrastructure: Review, assessment, and mitigation strategies

Venkatesh KODUR, M. Z. NASER

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第1期页码 46-60 doi: 10.1007/s11709-020-0676-6

摘要： This paper reviews the fire problem in critical transportation infrastructures such as bridges and tunnels. The magnitude of the fire problem is illustrated, and the recent increase in fire problems in bridges and tunnels is highlighted. Recent research undertaken to address fire problems in transportation structures is reviewed, as well as critical factors governing the performance of those structures. Furthermore, key strategies recommended for mitigating fire hazards in bridges and tunnels are presented, and their applicability to practical situations is demonstrated through a practical case study. Furthermore, research needs and emerging trends for enhancing the “state-of-the-art” in this area are discussed.

关键词： fire hazard bridges tunnels fire resistance mitigation strategies transportation infrastructure

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Financing climate-resilient infrastructure: Determining risk, reward, and return on investment

Peter B. MEYER, Reimund SCHWARZE

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2019年第6卷第1期页码 117-127 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0009-4

摘要：

Urban infrastructure investment is needed for both, mitigation of climate risks and improved urban resiliency. Financing them requires the translation of those benefits into measurable returns on investment in the context of emerging risks that capital markets can understand and appreciate. This paper develops a generic framework to identify what are the necessary and sufficient factors to economically favor climate-change resilient infrastructure in private investment decisions. We specifically demonstrate that carbon pricing alone will not generate the needed will, because market prices at present systematically fail to account for climate change risks such as the costs of stranded assets and the national and local co-benefits of investments in climate resiliency. Carbon pricing is necessary, but not sufficient for an enhanced private financing of climate-resilient infrastructure. The Paris Agreement and other supra-local policies and actors including city networks can concretely help to generate the sufficient social and political will for investments into climate change mitigation and resiliency at the city level.

关键词： infrastructure urban finance climate low carbon economy

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重新审视建筑物立面，将其作为基础设施 Perspective

Doris Sung

《工程（英文）》 2016年第2卷第1期页码 63-68 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2016.01.008

摘要：

如城市里街道和人行道的坚硬表面一样，城市建筑物的水平或垂直表面也造成了世界范围内大城市气温的不断上升。但是，人们并没有采取任何改善措施，而是把建筑物立面看作为室内人员提供舒适环境的结构，并忽略其对室外产生的影响，或是把它当做其所有者可识别美感的象征。本文提出了将建筑物立面作为“户外行人福利管家”的反思，以及将公共健康作为建筑物立面附加功能的概念，该概念强调要考虑户外行人的利益和健康。如果把一个城市建筑物的全部表面积看做是城市基础设施的一部分，那么它的作用不仅是使室外的空间更加舒适、卫生、宜人，还要有助于缓解城市气温上升这一更大的问题。

关键词：建筑物立面基础设施公共行人舒适度建筑物立面与公众健康

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Social responsibility in infrastructure mega-projects: A case study of ecological compensation for

Zheming LIU, Liangyan WANG, Zhaohan SHENG, Xinglin GAO

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2018年第5卷第1期页码 98-108 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2018084

摘要： Ecological compensation plays an important role in implementing the social responsibility of infrastructure mega-projects. Based on the results of a field study, an in-depth interview, and archive data, this paper introduces the ecological compensation for (the Indo-Pacific humpbacked dolphin) during the construction of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge. It studies the concrete measures, decision-making processes, and organizational collaboration of the ecological compensation, using the method of a case study. The present study not only enriches our understanding of the ecological compensation practice during the construction of infrastructure mega-projects, but also extends the literature on the social responsibility of infrastructure mega-projects. This sheds light on the protection of the environment as well as biodiversity in the construction of future infrastructure mega-projects.

关键词： infrastructure mega-projects social responsibility ecological compensation Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge Sousa chinensis

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Special issue: City and infrastructure engineering and management

Weihe HUANG, Chunfang LU, Dongping FANG

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第1期页码 1-4 doi: 10.1007/s42524-020-0150-0

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Are public‒private partnerships still an answer for social infrastructure?

《工程管理前沿（英文）》页码 467-482 doi: 10.1007/s42524-023-0249-1

摘要： Social infrastructure has become an important element for measuring national economic development and social benefits that are usually financed in the form of government grants, private investment, and public‒private partnerships (PPPs). However, social infrastructure PPPs have attracted considerable public debate due to their low profitability and complex operational demands. This study aims to answer the question, “are PPPs still an answer for social infrastructure?”, from the perspectives of the body of knowledge, application status, and prospects. Initially, an iterative search and review procedure and a scientometric analysis were performed to systematically screen the literature and to structure the body of knowledge of the social infrastructure PPPs literature. Furthermore, the application status and trends were analyzed to further explore the studied countries/regions, application sectors, and research topics. Results show that PPPs still have valuable application potential for delivering social infrastructure despite their mixed results across different topics. Six main research themes and the corresponding research trends were also identified, namely, financing and economics viability, risk management, performance management, contract and relationship management, governance and regulation, and facilitating and hindering factors. These findings offer practitioners and researchers a comprehensive overview and constructive guidance on social infrastructure PPPs.

关键词： public‒private partnerships social infrastructure scientometric analysis systematic review

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Optimal risk allocation in alliance infrastructure projects: A social preference perspective

Xiang DING, Qian LI

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2022年第9卷第2期页码 326-336 doi: 10.1007/s42524-020-0145-x

摘要： The mechanism of risk allocation is designed to protect all stakeholders, and it is vital to project success. Qualitative and quantitative ways of optimizing risk allocation have been well documented in extant literature (e.g., allocation principles, models, and solutions), and the foci of existing research are usually the maximization of rational utility. Few research has focused on partners’ social preferences affecting the output of risk allocation. This study presents a quantitative approach based on modeling alliance member (AM)’s inequity aversion (IA) to analyze risk-sharing arrangements in an alliance project. Fehr and Schmidt’s inequity-aversion model is integrated into modeling partner’s utility. This paper derives results for an alliance leader (AL)’s optimal risk-sharing ratio and AM’s optimal risk-management effort simultaneously. The derivation is based on solving a restrained optimization problem using the conception and methods from Stackelberg game theory. Results show that an AM’s IA significantly affects risk allocation between AL and AM. Specifically, envious preference is positively related to AL’s optimal risk-sharing ratio, whereas guilty preference negatively affects AL’s optimal risk-sharing ratio. These findings will be of interest to academics and practitioners involved in designing alliance negotiations.

关键词： public project contract design risk sharing inequity aversion governance

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Evaluation of the contract reliability for alternative infrastructure project delivery: a contract engineering

Bing WANG, Qingbin CUI, Shuibo ZHANG

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2019年第6卷第2期页码 239-248 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0018-3

摘要： Governments at all levels are increasingly motivating the private sector to participate in infrastructure development using alternative project delivery methods to relieve financial burden. When designing contracts, governments usually offer incentives while requiring cost or time guarantee to balance project attractiveness to the private sector and fair protection of public interest. However, a practical and critical problem is how to properly design these provisions. Although previous studies have investigated the value of these provisions, a knowledge gap still exists with respect to methods of fairly and effectively designing such provisions. This study fills this gap by developing a methodology that analyzes the appropriateness of guarantee or warranty provisions for contracts. In this study, a contract reliability index is constructed, and a process of evaluating contract reliability is proposed. The New Mexico Highway 44 project, in which three warranty provision arrangements are investigated, is used as a case study to illustrate the analysis process. Results show that although a ceiling clause can effectively motivate the private sector to participate in the project, it sacrifices a significant amount of public benefits. By contrast, although a warranty option can protect public benefits, it cannot effectively incentivize the private sector. A combination of the ceiling clause and the warranty option will therefore result in improved contract provision design. The proposed methodology in this study is especially useful for governments in properly determining contract clauses in infrastructure development.

关键词： infrastructure development contract design contract reliability guarantee provision contract engineering